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Аннотация
Вопрос об инфицированности опухоли молочной железы различными типами вирусов и ассоциации вирусной инфекции с опухолевой тканью молочной железы до настоящего времени остается открытым. Не понятна этиологическая роль вирусов в развитии рака молочной железы (HМЖ) и их клиническая значимость. В настоящем обзоре рассматривается вопрос о наличии/отсутствии вирусной инфекции в опухоли молочной железы и ее клиническом значении. В статье обобщены имеющиеся на сегодняшний день сведения по данной тематике. Рассмотрены публикации об ассоциации HМЖ с тремя группами вирусов - HMTV (human Mammary Tumor Virus/ MMTV-like) человеческим вирусом опухоли молочной железы, вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ) и вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ). Авторами проведены мета-анализы по каждому типу вирусов, которые продемонстрировали ассоциацию вирусной-инфекции с опухолевой тканью молочной железы. Мета-анализ инфицированности HMTV 1389 образцов опухолевой ткани и 750 образцов нормальной ткани молочной железы показал, высокий уровень HMTV-инфекции в опухоли молочной железы (30,7%), результирующий относительный риск развития РМЖ при HMTV инфекции составил RR(95%CI)=16,7(7,0-39,7) при р = 1,69х10-10. Для ВЭБ мета-анализ инфицированности 1131 опухолей молочной железы и 185 образцов нормальной ткани молочной железы (по 9 первичным исследованиям), показал, что частота инфицирования ВЭБ опухолевой ткани составила 30,4% и 4,3% в нормальной ткани молочной железы. Относительный риск развития РМЖ при ВЭБ инфекции составил RR(95%CI)=3,3(1,8-5,8) при р = 0,00006. В мета-анализ по ВПЧ были включены 29 первичных исследований с 2446 образцами опухолевой ткани и 1144 образцами нормальной ткани. Распространенность ВПЧ в опухолевой ткани молочной железы составила 25% и 4,5% в нормальной ткани. Результирующий показатель относительного риска (RR) развития РМЖ при ВПЧ инфекции составил RR(95%CI)=3,6(2,3-5,6) при р = 2,82х10-8. Эти данные делают перспективными исследования этиологической роли HMTV, ВЭБ и ВПЧ в развитии рака молочной железы.
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