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Введение. Колоректальный рак (КРР) занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре онкологической заболеваемости. Лечение метастатического колоректального рака (мКРР) в 1-й и 2-й линиях достоверно улучшает общую выживаемость (ОВ). Проблема выбора терапии в поздних линиях заключается прежде всего в том, что предлеченным больным необходимо подобрать терапию, которая при управляемой токсичности сможет быть эффективной и улучшить показатели выживаемости. Цель — анализ данных литературы о современных методах лекарственного лечения мКРР в поздних линиях с учетом персонификации лечения в зависимости от молекулярно-генетических характеристик опухоли и факторов, влияющих на отдаленные результаты лечения.
Результаты. В обзоре систематизированы данные литературы о вариантах терапии мКРР в 3-й и последующих линиях, сделан акцент на персонификацию лечения в зависимости от различных факторов.
Выводы. Большинству больных мКРР в 3-й линии показана терапия трифлуридин/тирирацилом в сочетании с бевацизумабом, вне зависимости от статуса мутации KRAS. Монотерапия регорафенибом или трифлуридином типирацилом обладает меньшей эффективностью, в особенности при наличии неблагоприятных факторов, таких как время от диагноза метастатической болезни менее 18 месяцев, большая опухолевая масса и наличие метастазов в печени. При наличии мутации BRAF или гиперэкспрессии HER2 целесообразен более прецизионный подход с использованием таргетной терапии — анти BRAF и MEK ингибиторов в сочетании с EGFR терапией, а также комбинация трастузумаба с пертузумабом соответсвенно. Иммунотерапия также может быть использована у больных, ранее ее не получавших с опухолями, ассоциированными с микросаттелитной нестабильностью.
Библиографические ссылки
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