Роль хромосомной транслокации при формировании экстраординарного онкогена
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Ключевые слова

хросомная транслокация
двухцепочечные разрывы ДНК
репарация ДНК
онкоген
слитый белок
злокачественные опухоли

Как цитировать

Полатова, Д. Ш., Гильдиева, М. С., Мадаминов, А. Ю., Савкин, А. В., Нуржабов, А. И., Асамединов, Н. К., Ибрагимова, Д. А., & Насиров, С. К. (2024). Роль хромосомной транслокации при формировании экстраординарного онкогена. Вопросы онкологии, 70(4), 633–642. https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2024-70-4-633-642

Аннотация

При диагностике острых лейкозов, некоторых видов лимфом и солидных опухолей своевременное выявление структурных изменений хромосом в опухолевых клетках имеет большое значение для адекватной прогностической оценки и выбора эффективного варианта лечения. В геноме человека двухцепочечные разрывы ДНК (DSB) нередко возникают при функциональных рекомбинациях и в результате действия различных мутагенных факторов. Нарушение транспорта DSB и взаимодействия со специализированными участками репарационной активности HDR (homology-directed repair, гомологичная репарация) может приводить к номологическому соединению концов хромосом. Подобное абберантное восстановление поврежденных кластеров генома приводит к образованию хромосомных транслокаций. Кроме того, нарушение регуляторной способности критических генов, активирующих рекомбинацию (RAG, recombination activating gene) и деаминазы, индуцированной активацией (AID, activation-induced deaminase), может привести к образованию локусов с хрупкими сегментами хроматина и, тем самым, к повышению вероятности аномальной перестройки хромосом. В настоящее время установлено большое количество возникающих с той или иной частотой хромосомных аберраций, ассоциированных с определенным вариантом опухоли. Однако закономерности аномальной рекомбинации фрагментов генома при двухцепочных разрывах ДНК все еще остаются предметом дискуссии. Понимание молекулярных механизмов хромосомной транслокации может стать основой для разработки новых терапевтических средств против злокачественных опухолей.

https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2024-70-4-633-642
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