Malignant Neoplasms of the Uterine Body (C54): Incidence, Mortality and Survival of Patients in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia (Population-Based Study)

Abstract

Introduction. According to ICD 10, malignant neoplasms of the corpus uteri (MN CU) include malignant epithelial tumors of the endometrium (synonym - cancer of the corpus uteri, CCU) and malignant mesenchymal tumors - sarcomas of the corpus uteri (SCU). CCU is the most common gynaecological cancer, while SCU is a rare MN. In statistical studies of population oncology registries, there is a wide range of data on the incidence, mortality and survival of patients with CCU, and there are no data on SCU.

Aim. To study the dynamics of incidence and mortality of MN CU in the female population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF), survival of MN CU patients, including depending on the histological type of tumor.

Materials and methods. Data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the statistical collections of the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology and the databases of the Population Cancer Registry of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD DB PCR RF) were used. Analysis of the retrieved material was performed using standard methods of oncological statistics.

Results. In Russia, CU malignant neoplasms increased by 31.3 % over 11 years (2011-2022), and by 35.63 % in the NWFD RF. Against the background of an increase in incidence, a decrease in mortality from CU malignant neoplasms was observed from 2011 to 2022 from 4.4 ⁰/₀₀₀₀ to 3.7 ⁰/₀₀₀₀, or by 17.33 %. The five-year observed survival rate for patients with CU malignancies increased from 64.0 % in the 2000-2004 treatment period to 66.2 % in the 2010-2014 period. The observed five-year survival rate for patients with uterine cancer was 69.4 % (70.6 % for endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 52.3 % for clear cell carcinoma, 39.0 % for papillary serous carcinoma and 36.5 % for carcinosarcoma). The observed five-year survival rate for patients with uterine cancer was 50.6 % (51.3 % for leiomyosarcoma and 42.2 % for endometrial stromal carcinoma).

Conclusion. In the 20s of the XXI century, in Russia and the NWFD RF, there was an increase in the incidence and a decrease in the mortality of women from corpus uteri cancer, similar to countries with high income and above-average income. Against this background, an increase in the survival rate of patients was noted.