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Abstract
Introduction. Gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet its etiology and mechanisms of development are not fully understood. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of genetic factors, particularly gene polymorphisms, in susceptibility to this disease. This study aimed to investigate the association between polymorphic variants of specific genes (CHEK2, MMP1, MTHFR, TNF, XPC, APE1) and the risk of gastric cancer development.
Materials and Methods. A prospective analysis was performed on 180 blood samples: 111 patients with gastric cancer (main group) and 69 healthy volunteers (control group). The groups were comparable in age and sex. Gene polymorphisms were determined using PCR with electrophoretic detection. Statistical analysis was conducted using StatTech v. 4.8.0 software.
Results. The Lys/Lys genotype of the XPC gene (Lys939Gln) was associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 7.3; 95% CI: 2.1–25.4; p < 0.001). For the CHEK2 gene (Ile157Thr), statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 0.03), although further investigation is needed to quantify the effect size. Polymorphisms of the MTHFR, MMP1, TNF, and APE1 genes showed no significant association with disease risk.
Conclusion. Genetic variants of XPC and CHEK2 appear to play a significant role in gastric cancer development, underscoring the importance of genetic factors in disease pathogenesis. These findings provide a basis for future research in personalized medicine and early detection strategies.
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