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Abstract
The present-day concepts of cancer stem cells (CSC) could be considered as the innovative breakthrough in understanding the nature of cancer that opens new vistas in clinical approach. The review summarizes the available data and the trends in the search of molecular markers that may be advantageous for CSC identification and isolation. The combinations of markers useful for studying CSC phenotype in glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and osteosarcoma are reviewed with the emphasis on the genes coding for marker molecules, their chromosomal localization as well as molecular weights of corresponding proteins. The data on the molecular and functional features of 35 CSC markers promising for CSC identification including 26 human CD antigens are briefly analyzed. Furthermore, two cytoplasmic proteins aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 and nestin that may be also recommended for CSC detection are characterized. The involvement of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in generation of CSC population is also assessed. The development of targeted therapies for CSC eradication that should be safe for normal stem cells of the corresponding organs and tissues is outlined.References
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