Abstract
Metabolism and information between cells is the basis of the existence of any multicellular organism. Malfunction of the intercellular communication play an important and sometimes decisive role in the pathogenesis of the most diseases, including cancer. According to traditional views, functional integration of individual cells in tissues, organs and organ systems is mediated by the efficient work of regulatory systems: nervous, immune, endocrine. Over the past few years the attention of scientists is attracted the ability of cells to «communicate» with the help of nanoscale vesicular formations, or so-called exosomes. There are accumulated data that the cells of the most tissues secrete exosomes into the intercellular environment, after which, by means of stream ofblood or lymph, exosomes transferred to anatomically distant sites where they are accepted by the other cells. It is showed that the content of exosomes are not random and that vesicular transport may be targeted and to play a significant physiological and even «pathophysiological» role. The aim of this review is the analysis and integration of modern scientific data on the role of exosomes in the process of tumor progression and presentation of possible ways and methods of using these data in the practice of oncology.References
Штам Т.А., Нарыжный С.Н., Ланда С.Б. и др. Получение и анализ экзосом, секретируемых злокачественно трансформированными клетками человека в системах in vitro // Цитология. - 2012. - Т. 54, № 5. - С. 430-438.
Abusamra A.J., Zhong Z., Zheng X. et al. Tumor exosomes expressing Fas ligand mediate CD8+ T-cell apoptosis // Blood Cells Mol Dis. - 2005. - Vol. 35, № 2. - P. 169-173.
Alvarez-Erviti L., Seow Y., Yin H. et al. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes // Nat Biotechnol. - 2011. - Vol. 29, № 4. - P. 341-345.
Canfran-Duque A., Pastor O., Quintana-Portillo R. et al. Curcumin promotes exosomes/microvesicles secretion that attenuates lysosomal cholesterol traffic impairment // Mol Nutr Food Res. - 2014. - Vol. 58, № 4. - P. 687-697.
Chen X., Liang H., Zhang J. et al. Horizontal transfer of microRNAs: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications // Protein Cell. - 2012. - Vol. 3, № 1. - P. 28-37.
Cheruvanky A., Zhou H., Pisitkun T. et al. Rapid isolation of urinary exosomal biomarkers using a nanomembrane ultrafiltration concentrator // Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. - 2007. - Vol. 292, № 5. - P. F1657-1661.
Deatherage B.L., Cookson B.T. Membrane vesicle release in bacteria, eukaryotes, and archaea: a conserved yet underappreciated aspect of microbial life // Infect Immun. - 2012. - Vol. 80, № 6. - P. 1948-1957.
Deng Z.B., Poliakov A., Hardy R.W. et al. Adipose tissue exosome-like vesicles mediate activation of macrophage-induced insulin resistance // Diabetes. - 2009. - Vol. 58, № 11. - P. 2498-2505.
Dijkstra S., Birker I.L., Smit F.P. et al. Prostate Cancer Biomarker Profiles in Urinary Sediments and Exosomes // J Urol. - 2014. - Vol. 19. - P. 1132-1138.
Dijkstra S., Mulders P.F., Schalken J.A. Clinical use of novel urine and blood based prostate cancer biomarkers: A review // Clin Biochem. - 2013 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print]
El-Andaloussi S., Lee Y., Lakhal-Littleton S. et al. Exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA in vitro and in vivo // Nat Protoc. - 2012. - Vol. 7, № 12. - P. 2112-2126.
Escrevente C., Keller S., Altevogt P., Costa J. Interaction and uptake of exosomes by ovarian cancer cells // BMC Cancer. - 2011. - Vol. 11. - P. 108.
Gusachenko O.N., Zenkova M.A., Vlassov V.V. Nucleic acids in exosomes: disease markers and intercellular communication molecules // Biochemistry (Mosc). - 2013. - Vol. 78, № 1. - P. 1-7.
Gyorgy B., Szabo T.G., Pasztoi M. et al. Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles // Cell Mol Life Sci. - 2011. - Vol. 68, № 16. - P. 2667-2688.
Hood J.L., San R.S., Wickline S.A. Exosomes released by melanoma cells prepare sentinel lymph nodes for tumor metastasis // Cancer Res. - 2011. - Vol. 71, № 11. - P. 3792-3801.
Huang X., Yuan T., Tschannen M. et al. Characterization of human plasma-derived exosomal RNAs by deep se quencing // BMC Genomics. - 2013. - Vol. 14. - P. 319.
Iero M., Valenti R., Huber V. et al. Tumour-released exosomes and their implications in cancer immunity // Cell Death Differ. - 2008. - Vol. 15, № 1. - P. 80-88.
Jenjaroenpun P., Kremenska Y., Nair V.M. et al. Characterization of RNA in exosomes secreted by human breast cancer cell lines using next-generation sequencing // Peer J. - 2013. - Vol. 1. - P. e201.
Jeppesen D.K., Nawrocki A., Jensen S.G. et al. lumen exosome proteins from isogenic metastatic and non-metastatic bladder cancer cells reveal differential expression of EMT factors // Proteomics. - 2013 Dec
Ji H., Greening D.W., Barnes T.W. et al. Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells reveal differential expression of key metastatic factors and signal transduction components // Proteomics. - 2013. - Vol. 13, № 10-11. - P. 1672--1686.
Johnstone R.M. The Jeanne Manery-Fisher Memorial Lecture 1991. Maturation of reticulocytes: formation of exosomes as a mechanism for shedding membrane proteins // Biochem Cell Biol. - 1992. - Vol. 70, № 3-4. - P. 179-190.
Kalra H., Simpson R.J., Ji H. et al. Vesiclepedia: a compendium for extracellular vesicles with continuous community annotation // PLoS Biol. - 2012. - Vol. 10, № 12. - P. e1001450.
Keller S., Ridinger J., Rupp A.K. et al. Body fluid derived exosomes as a novel template for clinical diagnostics // J Transl Med. - 2011. - Vol. 9. - P. 86.
Kim J.W., Wieckowski E., Taylor D.D. et al. Fas ligandpositive membranous vesicles isolated from sera of patients with oral cancer induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes // Clin Cancer Res. - 2005. - Vol. 11, № 3. - P. 1010-1020.
Kobayashi M., Salomon C., Tapia J. et al. Ovarian cancer cell invasiveness is associated with discordant exosomal sequestration of Let-7 miRNA and miR-200 // J. Transl Med. - 2014. - Vol. 12, № 1. - P. 4.
Kucharzewska P., Christianson H.C., Welch J.E. et al. Exosomes reflect the hypoxic status of glioma cells and mediate hypoxia-dependent activation of vascular cells during tumor development // Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. - 2013. - Vol. 110, № 18. - P. 7312-7.
Lee Y., El Andaloussi S., Wood M.J. Exosomes and microvesicles: extracellular vesicles for genetic information transfer and gene therapy // Hum Mol Genet. - 2012. - Vol. 21, № R1. - R125-134.
Liu C., Yu S., Zinn K. et al. Murine mammary carcinoma exosomes promote tumor growth by suppression of NK cell function // J. Immunol. - 2006. - Vol. 176, № 3. - P. 1375-85.
Llorente A., Skotland T., Sylvanne T. et al. Molecular lipidomics of exosomes released by PC-3 prostate cancer cells // Biochim Biophys Acta. - 2013. - Vol. 1831, № 7. - P. 1302-1309.
Lotvall J., Valadi H. Cell to cell signalling via exosomes through esRNA // Cell Adh Migr. - 2007. - Vol. 1, № 3. - P. 156-158.
Ludwig A.K., Giebel B. Exosomes: small vesicles participating in intercellular communication // Int J. Biochem Cell Biol. - 2012. - Vol. 44, № 1. - P. 11-15.
Marleau A.M., Chen C.S., Joyce J.A., Tullis R. H. Exosome removal as a therapeutic adjuvant in cancer // J Transl Med. - 2012. - Vol. 10. - P. 134.
Mathivanan S., Fahner C.J., Reid G.E., Simpson R. J. ExoCarta 2012: database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids // Nucleic Acids Res. - 2012. - Vol. 40. - P. D1241-1244.
Mathivanan S., Ji H., Simpson R.J. Exosomes: extracellular organelles important in intercellular communication // J. Proteomics. - 2010. - Vol. 73, № 10. - P. 1907-1920.
McDonald M.K., Capasso K.E., Ajit S.K. Purification and microRNA profiling of exosomes derived from blood and culture media // J. Vis Exp. - 2013. № 76. - P. e50294.
Moldovan L., Batte K., Wang Y. et al. Analyzing the circulating microRNAs in exosomes/extracellular vesicles from serum or plasma by qRT-PCR // Methods Mol Biol. - 2013. - Vol. 1024. - P. 129-145.
Mu W., Rana S., Zoller M. Host matrix modulation by tumor exosomes promotes motility and invasiveness // Neoplasia. - 2013. - Vol. 15, № 8. - P. 875-887.
Nieman K.M., Kenny H.A., Penicka C.V. et al. Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth // Nat Med. - 2011. - Vol. 17, № 11. - P. 1498-1503.
Nieman K.M., Romero I.L., Van Houten B., Lengyel E. Adipose tissue and adipocytes support tumorigenesis and metastasis // Biochim Biophys Acta. - 2013. - Vol. 1831, № 10. - P. 1533-1541.
Ohno S., Takanashi M., Sudo K. et al. Systemically injected exosomes targeted to EGFR deliver antitumor microRNA to breast cancer cells // Mol Ther. - 2013. - Vol. 21, № 1. - P. 185-191.
Park J.O., Choi D.Y., Choi D.S. et al. Identification and characterization of proteins isolated from microvesicles derived from human lung cancer pleural effusions // Proteomics. - 2013. - Vol. 13, № 14. - P. 2125-2134.
Ponnambalam S., Baldwin S.A. Constitutive protein secretion from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane // Mol Membr Biol. - 2003. - Vol. 20, № 2. - P. 129-139.
Principe S., Jones E.E., Kim Y. et al. In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine // Proteomics. - 2013. - Vol. 13, № 10-11. - P. 1667-1671.
Rana S., Malinowska K., Zoller M. Exosomal tumor microRNA modulates premetastatic organ cells // Neoplasia. - 2013. - Vol. 15, № 3. - P. 281-295.
Rana S., Zoller M. Exosome target cell selection and the importance of exosomal tetraspanins: a hypothesis // Biochem Soc Trans. - 2011. - Vol. 39, № 2. - P. 559 62.
Raposo G., Nijman H.W., Stoorvogel W. et al. B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles // J. Exp Med. - 1996. - Vol. 183, № 3. - P. 1161-1172.
Record M., Carayon K., Poirot M., Silvente-Poirot S. Exosomes as new vesicular lipid transporters involved in cell-cell communication and various pathophysiologies // Biochim Biophys Acta. - 2014. - Vol. 1841, № 1. - P. 108-120.
Record M., Poirot M., Silvente-Poirot S. Emerging concepts on the role of exosomes in lipid metabolic diseases // Biochimie. - 2014. - Vol. 96. - P. 67-74.
Record M., Subra C., Silvente-Poirot S., Poirot M. Exosomes as intercellular signalosomes and pharmacological effectors // Biochem Pharmacol. - 2011. - Vol. 81, № 10. - P. 1171-1182.
Schageman J., Zeringer E., Li M et al. The complete exosome workflow solution: from isolation to characterization of RNA cargo // Biomed Res Int. - 2013. - Vol. 2013. - P. 253957.
Shtam T.A., Kovalev R.A., Varfolomeeva E.Y. et al. Exosomes are natural carriers of exogenous siRNA to human cells in vitro // Cell Commun Signal. - 2013. - Vol. 11. - P. 88.
Simpson R.J., Kalra H., Mathivanan S. ExoCarta as a resource for exosomal research // J. Extracell Vesicles. - 2012. - Vol. 1. doi: 10.3402/jev.v1i0.18374. eCollection 2012.
Simpson R.J., Lim J.W., Moritz R.L., Mathivanan S. Exosomes: proteomic insights and diagnostic potential // Expert Rev Proteomics. - 2009. - Vol. 6, № 3. - P. 267-283.
Sinha A., Ignatchenko V., Ignatchenko A. et al. In-depth proteomic analyses of ovarian cancer cell line exosomes reveals differential enrichment of functional categories compared to the NCI 60 proteome // Biochem Biophys Res Commun. - 2014. - Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Sokolova V., Ludwig A.K., Hornung S. et al. Characterisation of exosomes derived from human cells by nanoparticle tracking analysis and scanning electron microscopy // Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. - 2011. - Vol. 87, № 1. - P. 146-150.
Subra C., Grand D., Laulagnier K. et al. Exosomes account for vesicle-mediated transcellular transport of activatable phospholipases and prostaglandins // J. Lipid Res. - 2010. - Vol. 51, № 8. - P. 2105-2120.
Subra C., Laulagnier K., Perret B., Record M. Exosome lipidomics unravels lipid sorting at the level of multivesicular bodies // Biochimie. - 2007. - Vol. 89, № 2. - P. 205-212.
Swami M. Cancer: exosomes from the stroma // Nature Medicine. - 2013. - Vol. 19. - P. 142.
Thery C., Amigorena S., Raposo G., Clayton A. Isolation and characterization of exosomes from cell culture supernatants and biological fluids // Curr Protoc Cell Biol. - 2006. - Vol. 3. - Unit 3.22.
Tian T., Zhu Y.L., Hu F.H. et al. Dynamics of exosome internalization and trafficking // J. Cell Physiol. - 2013. - Vol. 228, № 7. - P. 1487-1495.
Tian Y., Li S., Song J. et al. A. doxorubicin delivery platform using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy // Biomaterials. - 2014. - Vol. 35, № 7. - P. 2383-2390.
Turturici G., Tinnirello R., Sconzo G., Geraci F. Extracellular membrane vesicles as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication: advantages and disadvantages // Am J. Physiol Cell Physiol. - 2014. - Vol. 306, № 7. - P. C621-633.
van der Pol E., Hoekstra A.G., Sturk A. et al. Optical and non-optical methods for detection and characterization of microparticles and exosomes // J. Thromb Haemost. - 2010. - Vol. 8, № 12. - P. 2596-2607.
van Niel G., Raposo G., Candalh C. et al. Intestinal epithelial cells secrete exosome-like vesicles // Gastroenterology. - 2001. - Vol. 121, № 2. - P. 337-349.
Varga Z., Yuana Y., Grootemaat A.E. et al. Towards traceable size determination of extracellular vesicles // J. Extracell Vesicles. - 2014. - Vol. 3. doi: 10.3402/jev. v3.23298. eCollection 2014.
Vlassov A.V., Magdaleno S., Setterquist R., Conrad R. Exosomes: current knowledge of their composition, biological functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic potentials // Biochim Biophys Acta. - 2012. - Vol. 1820, № 7. - P. 940-948.
Webber J., Steadman R., Mason M.D. et al. Cancer exosomes trigger fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation // Cancer Res. - 2010. - Vol. 70, № 23. - P. 9621-9630.
Webber J.P., Spary L.K., Sanders A.J. et al. Differentiation of tumour-promoting stromal myofibroblasts by cancer exosomes // Oncogene. - 2014. - Jan 20. [Epub ahead of print]
Wolfers J., Lozier A., Raposo G. et al. Tumor-derived exosomes are a source of shared tumor rejection antigens for CTL cross-priming // Nat Med. - 2001. - Vol. 7, № 3. - P. 297-303.
Xiang X., Poliakov A., Liu C. et al. Induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by tumor exosomes // Int J. Cancer. - 2009. - Vol. 124, № 11. - P. 2621-2633.
Yu S., Liu C., Su K. et al. Tumor exosomes inhibit differentiation of bone marrow dendritic cells // J. Immunol. - 2007. - Vol. 178, № 11. - P. 6867-6875.
Zhang L., Wu X., Luo C. et al. The 786-0 renal cancer cell-derived exosomes promote angiogenesis by down-regulating the expression of hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule // Mol Med Rep. - 2013. - Vol. 8, № 1. - P. 272-276.
Zheng X.H., Cui C., Zhou X.X. et al. Centrifugation: an important pre-analytic procedure that influences plasma microRNA quantification during blood processing // Chin J. Cancer. - 2013. - Vol. 32, № 12. - P. 667-672.
All the Copyright statements for authors are present in the standart Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'Problems in oncology' ...