Kiseleva, E. V., Nefedev, F. S., Zaharenko, A. A., Zaraiski, M. I., & Seliverstov, R. Y. (2023). Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Mirna-21 in Saliva and Blood Plasma as a Non-Invasive Method for Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer, Lung Cancer and Glial Tumors. Voprosy Onkologii, 69(5), 863–870. https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-5-863-870

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate miRNA-21 expression levels in saliva and blood plasma as a diagnostic method for colorectal cancer (CRC), lung cancer (LC), and cerebral gliomas (CG).

Materials and methods. The expression levels of miRNA-21 in blood plasma (PmiR-21) and saliva (SmiR-21) of patients with CRC (n = 65), LC (n = 14), CG (n = 21), and 66 healthy volunteers as a control group (CG), were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and expressed in arbitrary units (AU). Univariate analysis was applied to identify predictors for CRC, LC, and CG. Logistic regression was used to create risk categories for the presence of cancer.

Results. SmiR-21 (AU) in CRC (9.67 ± 18.52), CG (2.51 ± 2.39), LC (12.27 ± 14.78), and CG (1.30 ± 2.45), as well as PmiR-21 (AU) in CRC (3.71 ± 7.38), CG (2.17 ± 2.05), LC (8.69 ± 6.76), and CG (0.84 ± 0.64), differed significantly (p < 0.001). SmiR-21, but not PmiR-21, was higher in CRC with shallow tumor invasion (T in situ, T2) compared to T4 (p = 0.004; p = 0.042). This trend was not observed in LC patients (SmiR-21: p = 0.36; PmiR-21: p = 0.6). Predictors for CRC were age > 61 years, SmiR-21 ≥ 2.0 AU, or PmiR-21 ≥ 1.6 AU (sensitivity and specificity — 52 % and 89 %, 61 % and 83 %, respectively). Predictors for LC were age ≥ 54 years, PmiR-21 ≥ 3.5 AU, or SmiR-21 ≥ 2.5 AU (sensitivity and specificity — 78 % and 64 %, 100 % and 86 %, respectively). For CG patients, predictors were PmiR-21 ≥ 1.5 AU or SmiR-21 ≥ 1.6 AU (sensitivity and specificity — 57 % and 71 %, 88 % and 77 %, respectively). Regression analysis for predicting the presence of cancer based on SmiR-21 performed well in CRC (AuROC = 0.79), unlike LC (AuROC = 0.70) and CG (AuROC = 0.55).

Conclusion. SmiR-21 shows promise for diagnosing cancer and can be used as a new non-invasive test for CRC, including its early stages, and for solid tumors in other locations.

https://doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2023-69-5-863-870

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