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Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a vital approach in treating tumors, especially as a follow-up to surgical procedures in cancer therapy. In this article, we explored the advancements in treating breast tumors using carbon beams combined with varying concentrations of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Our simulations, conducted with the GEANT4 code, indicate that as we increase the energy of the carbon beam and its distance from the starting point of the breast phantom, the absorbed dose tends to decrease. This is accompanied by a shift in the location of the Bragg peak (BP) to higher values of x as the incident carbon beam energy rises. Interestingly, we found that the lowest absorbed dose occurs in the absence of GNPs; however, as the injection rate of GNPs increases alongside the carbon beam irradiation, the absorbed dose rises compared to cases without GNP injection. This increase can be attributed to the presence of high-Z nanoparticles, like GNPs, which generate secondary electrons that enhance the dose deposited in both the tumor and its surrounding environment. Our findings suggest that for the studied phantom with the given geometry, a carbon beam energy range of 70 to 110 MeV/u is optimal, with the best results achieved at a Bragg’s energy of 110 MeV/u.
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