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Abstract
Introduction. The non-surgical Watch-and-Wait strategy has demonstrated favorable outcomes in clinical trials for rectal cancer patients achieving a complete clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy, supporting its adoption in specialized institutions. However, its safety and efficacy in routine clinical practice remain uncertain, particularly regarding patient adherence to surveillance protocols.
Materials and Methods. From 2022 to 2025, we enrolled 65 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer demonstrating complete tumor regression after neoadjuvant therapy in a prospective single-center study at a federal institution. Ongoing surveillance will determine 3-year relapse-free and overall survival rates.
Results. At time of publication, 46 patients (70.8 %) maintained full surveillance compliance. Tumor regrowth occurred in 17 cases (26.2 %), with 15 patients undergoing surgical intervention at our institution, one seeking external surgery, and one refusing operation. Among surgical cases, 13 (86.7 %) achieved R0 resection while 2 were R1.
Conclusion. Final efficacy and safety conclusions will be established upon completion of the 3-year surveillance period.
References
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