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Abstract
Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Limitations in mammography and ultrasound sensitivity, combined with the absence of reliable biomarkers for distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions, frequently result in unnecessary biopsies and patient distress.
Aim. To quantify 20S proteasome levels within blood-derived exosomes from patients with mastopathy and BC.
Materials and Methods. The study included blood samples from clinically healthy women (n=20), patients with diffuse dyshormonal breast dysplasia (n=20), and BC patients (T1N0M0, n=20). Exosomes were isolated from plasma and whole blood via ultracentrifugation and characterized using flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Following comprehensive exosomal protein profiling, 20S proteasome levels were quantified through Western blot analysis.
Results. 20S proteasomes within exosomes demonstrated neither chymotrypsin-like nor caspase-like enzymatic activity. However, their expression levels were significantly elevated in both plasma and whole blood exosomes from BC patients, with whole blood exosomes showing higher concentrations than plasma-derived exosomes. These findings suggest BC progression involves intercellular transfer of 20S proteasome subunits via blood exosomes from donor to recipient cells.
Conclusion. Quantification of 20S proteasome levels in circulating exosomes shows potential for differentiating between benign and malignant breast diseases.
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