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Abstract
Introduction. Uterine mesenchymal tumors represent a significant proportion of oncogynecological malignancies. Accurate preoperative differential diagnosis is critical for determining optimal patient management strategies, as misdiagnosis frequently leads to non-radical treatment, subsequently reducing survival rates and increasing risks of local recurrence or metastasis. Current challenges in clinical assessment, including the absence of specific diagnostic criteria and low preoperative verification rates, underscore the need for novel diagnostic tools in this field.
Aim. To analyze current domestic and international literature on preoperative differential diagnosis of uterine mesenchymal tumors.
Materials and Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE, UpToDate, e-Library, Scopus, and professional society resources (ESUR, ACR, ESGO, NCCN) from 2014–2024. Full-text studies and reviews addressing clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging approaches for uterine mesenchymal tumors were included and analyzed.
Results. This review synthesizes current diagnostic approaches and identifies persistent challenges in uterine mesenchymal tumor evaluation. Given the lack of validated biomarkers and complexities in pathological verification, imaging modalities combined with clinical data emerge as fundamental for preoperative differentiation and treatment planning.
Conclusion. The morphological heterogeneity of uterine mesenchymal tumors continues to present significant diagnostic challenges, necessitating further research to develop improved diagnostic algorithms and optimize patient management strategies.
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