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Abstract
Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution HIV-infected women shows both similarities and distinct differences compared to HIV-negative women. A global meta-analysis of 5,578 HIV-positive women across multiple continents demonstrated HPV monoinfection prevalence of 36.3% and multiple-type infections in 11.9% of cases. This population therefore represents a high-risk group for cervical cancer development, presenting a significant public health challenge.
Aim. To investigate HPV prevalence across multiple anatomical sites (oropharynx, cervical canal, anal canal, vagina) and its association with cervical pathology in women with different HIV statuses.
Materials and Methods. This prospective study conducted in 2024 at the Republican Center for AIDS Prevention and Control included 100 HIV-positive women (study group) and 100 HIV-negative women (control group).
Results. Overall HPV detection rate in Tajikistan was 39.5%, regardless of HIV status or anatomical site. HPV prevalence was three times higher in women living with HIV (33%) compared to HIV-negative women (12%). Among HIV-positive participants, highest HPV DNA detection rates occurred in the vagina (36.0%), anal canal (35.0%), and cervical canal (33.0%). Corresponding rates in HIV-negative women were significantly lower compared to HIV-positive women, specifically 2.4 times (15.0%), 2.5 times (14.0%), and 2.7 times (12.0%), respectively. The most frequently detected HPV types in cervical samples were 16 (8%), 56 (4%), 68 (4%), 53 (3.5%), 31 (3%), 52 (2.5%), and 58 (2.5%). Cervical intraepithelial lesions were more prevalent in HIV-positive women (16.0%) compared to HIV-negative women (5.0%).
Conclusion. HPV types 16, 56, 68, 53, 31, 52, and 58 are the most prevalent among HIV-positive women in Tajikistan. HPV infection rates are significantly higher in women living with HIV than among healthy women. For HIV-positive women, it is necessary to develop and implement a referral pathway for managing HPV detected in different anatomical areas. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions of varying degrees is significantly higher among HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women.
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