Abstract
At present the central place in treatment for rectal cancer belongs to the surgical method. However any operations are accompanied by a certain risk of complications. Determination of risk factors for these complications and their analysis may have a significant influence on the choice of preventive measures and treatment policy in general. The purpose of this review is to select the current literature on complications of colorectal surgery, to describe their risk factors and prevention strategies for improving the results of treatment of patients with rectal cancer.References
Севостьянов С.И., Кашников В.Н., Рыбаков Е.Г., Чернышов С.В. Показания и выбор вида превентивной стомы при плановых хирургических вмешательствах по поводу рака прямой кишки // Колопроктология. - 2005. - № 3 (13). - С. 33-38.
Севостьянов С.И., Чернышов С.В. Сравнение качества жизни больных, перенесших превентивную трансверзостомию и илеостомию // Колопроктология. - 2006. - № 3 (17). - С. 40-44.
Andersen H.K., Lewis S.J., Thomas S.: Early enteral nutrition within 24 h of colorectal surgery versus later commencement of feeding for postoperative complications // Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006, CD004080.
Artinyan A., Nunoo-Mensah J.W., Balasubramaniam S., Gauderman J. et al.: Prolonged postoperative ileus-definition, risk factors, and predictors after surgery // World J. Surg 2008. Vol. 32. - P. 1495-1500.
Bauer J.J., Gelernt I.M., Salky B.A., Kreel I.: Is routine post operative nasogastric decompression really necessary? // Ann Surg 1985. Vol. 201. P. 233-236.
Blumetti J., Luu M., Sarosi G., Hartless K. et al.: Surgical site infections after colorectal surgery: do risk factors vary depending on the type of infection considered? // Surgery 2007. Vol. 142. - P. 704-711.
Boni L., Benevento A., Rovera F., Dionigi G. et al.: Infective complications in laparoscopic surgery // Surg Infect (Larchmt.). - 2006. - Vol. 7(Suppl 2). - P. S109-S111.
Bozzetti F., Gianotti L., Braga M., Di C.V. et al.: Postoperative complications in gastrointestinal cancer patients: the joint role of the nutritional status and the nutritional support // Clin Nutr. - 2007. - Vol. 26. - P. 698-709.
Breukink S., Pierie J., Wiggers T.: Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. - 2006. - CD005200.
Brown S.R., Goodfellow P.B.: Transverse verses midline incisions for abdominal surgery // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. - 2005. - CD005199.
Buunen M., Veldkamp R., Hop W.C., Kuhry E. et al.: Survival after laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: long-term outcome of a randomized clinical trial // Lancet Oncol. - 2009. - Vol. 10. - P. 44-52.
Carli F., Mayo N., Klubien K., Schricker T. et al.: Epidural analgesia enhances functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life after colonic surgery: results of a randomized trial // Anesthesiology 2002. - Vol. 97. - P. 540-549.
Casillas S., Delaney C.P., Senagore A.J., Brady K. et al.: Does conversion of a laparoscopic colectomy adversely affect patient outcome? // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2004. -Vol. 47. - P. 1680-1685.
Cassar K., Munro A.: Jatrogenic splenic injury // J. R Coll Surg Edinb. - 2002. - Vol. 47. - P. 731-741.
Chambers W.M., Mortensen N.J.: Postoperative leakage and abscess formation after colorectal surgery // Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. - 2004. -Vol. 18. - P. 865-880.
Choi H.K., Law W.L., Ho J.W.: Leakage after resection and intraperitoneal anastomosis for colorectal malignancy: analysis of risk factors // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2006. -Vol. 49. - P. 1719-1725.
Delaney C.P., Pokala N., Senagore A.J., Casillas S. et al.: Is laparoscopic colectomy applicable to patients with body mass index >30? A case-matched comparative study with open colectomy // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2005. - Vol. 48. - P. 975-981.
Dindo D., Demartines N., Clavien P.A.: Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey // Ann Surg. - 2004. - Vol. - P. 240: 205-213.
Dostalik J., Martinek L., Vavra P., Andel P. et al.: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in obese patients // Obes Surg 2005. - Vol. 15. - P. 1328-1331.
Dunne J.R., Malone D., Tracy J.K., Gannon C. et al.: Perioperative anemia: an independent risk factor for infection, mortality, and resource utilization in surgery // J. Surg Res. - 2002. - Vol. 102. - P. 237-244.
Edwards D.P., Leppington-Clarke A., Sexton R., Heald R.J. et al.: Stoma-related complications are more frequent after transverse colostomy than loop ileostomy: a prospective randomized clinical trial // Br.J.Surg. - 2001. - Vol. 8. - P. 360-363.
Fleshman J., Sargent D.J., Green E., Anvari M. et al.: Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial // Ann Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 246. - P. 655662.
Fujita S., Saito N., Yamada T., Takii Y. et al.: Randomized, multicenter trial of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery: single dose vs 3 doses of a second-generation cephalosporin without metronidazole and oral antibiotics // Arch Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 142. - P. 657-661.
Garretsen M.K., Melis G.C., Richir M.C., Boelens P.G. et al.: Perioperative nutrition // Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. - 2006. - Vol. 150. - P. 2745-2749.
Grantcharov T.P., Rosenberg J: Vertical compared with transverse incisions in abdominal surgery // Eur J. Surg. - 2001. - Vol. 167. - P. 260-267.
Han L., Xiaona W., Baogui W., Yuan P. et al.: Influence of perioperative blood transfusion on prognosis in patients with colon cancer // Chinese-German J. Clinical Oncology. - 2006. - Vol. 5. - P. 261-267.
Hartley M.N., Sagar P.M.: The surgeon’s ‘gut feeling’ as a predictor of post-operative outcome // Ann R Coll Surg Engl. - 1994. - Vol. 76. - P. 277-278.
Heriot A.G., Tekkis P.P., Smith J.J., Cohen C.R. et al.: Prediction of postoperative mortality in elderly patients with colorectal cancer // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2006. - Vol. 49. - P. 816-824.
Hoer J., Lawong G., Klinge U., Schumpelick V.: Factors influencing the development of incisional hernia. A retrospective study of 2,983 laparotomy patients over a period of 10 years // Chirurg. - 2002. - Vol. 73. - P. 474-480.
Horie H., Okada M., Kojima M., Nagai H.: Favorable effects of preoperative enteral immunonutrition on a surgical site infection in patients with colorectal cancer without malnutrition // Surg Today. - 2006. - Vol. 36. - P. 1063 -1068.
Hubner M., Demartines N., Muller S., Dindo D. et al.: Prospective randomized study of monopolar scissors, bipolar vessel sealer and ultrasonic shears in laparoscopic colorectal surgery // Br J. Surg. - 2008. - Vol. 95. - P. 1098-1104.
Hubner M., Hahnloser D., Hetzer F., Muller M.K. et al.: A prospective randomized comparison of two instruments for dissection and vessel sealing in laparoscopic colorectal surgery // Surg Endosc. - 2007. - Vol. 21. - P. 592 -594.
Huh J.W., Park Y.A., Sohn S.K.: A diverting stoma is not necessary when performing a handsewn coloanal anastomosis for lower rectal cancer // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2007. - Vol. 50. - P. 1040-1046.
Hyman N., Manchester T.L., Osler T., Burns B. et al.: Anastomotic leaks after intestinal anastomosis: it’s later than you think // Ann Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 245. - P. 254-258.
Israelsson L.A., Cengiz Y.: Letter 2: Randomized clinical trial of vertical or transverse laparotomy for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (Br J. Surg 2005; 92: 1208-1211) // Br J. Surg. - 2006. - Vol. 93. - P. 121-122.
Jansen F.W., Kolkman W., Bakkum E.A., de Kroon C.D. et al.: Complications of laparoscopy: an inquiry about closed-versus open-entry technique // Am J. Obstet Gynecol. - 2004. - Vol. 190. - P. 634-638.
Jung B., Pahlman L., Nystrom P.O., Nilsson E.: Multicentre randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colonic resection // Br J. Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 94. - P. 689-695.
Karliczek A., Harlaar N.J., Zeebregts C.J., Wiggers T. et al.: Surgeons lack predictive accuracy for anastomotic leakage in gastrointestinal surgery // Int J. Colorectal Dis. - 2009. - Vol. 24. - P. 569-576.
Karliczek A., Jesus E.C., Matos D., Castro A.A. et al.: Drainage or nondrainage in elective colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2006, 8: 259-265.
Kehlet H., Wilmore D.W.: Evidence-based surgical care and the evolution of fast-track surgery // Ann Surg. - 2008. - Vol. 248. - P. 189-198.
Kirchhoff P., Dincler S., Buchmann P.: A multivariate analysis of potential risk factors for intra- and postoperative complications in 1316 elective laparoscopic colorectal procedures // Ann Surg. - 2008. - Vol. 248. - P. 59265.
Klotz H.P., Candinas D., Platz A., Horvath A. et al.: Preoperative risk assessment in elective general surgery // Br J. Surg. - 1996. - Vol. 83. P. 1788-1791.
Kockerling F., Rose J., Schneider C., Scheidbach H et al.: Laparoscopic colorectal anastomosis: risk of postoperative leakage. Results of a multicenter study. Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group (LCSSG) // Surg Endosc. - 1999. - Vol. 13. - P. 639-644.
Kondrup J., Rasmussen H.H., Hamberg O., Stanga Z.: Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials // Clin Nutr. - 2003. - Vol. 22. - P. 321-336
Konishi T., Watanabe T., Kishimoto J., Nagawa H.: Elective colon and rectal surgery differ in risk factors for wound infection: results of prospective surveillance. Ann Surg. - 2006. - Vol. 244. - P. 758-763.
Konishi T., Watanabe T., Kishimoto J., Nagawa H.: Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after surgery for colorectal cancer: results of prospective surveillance // J. Am Coll Surg. - 2006. - Vol. 202. - P. 439-444.
Kozol R.A., Hyman N., Strong S., Whelan R.L. et al.: Minimizing risk in colon and rectal surgery // Am J. Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 194. - P. 576-587.
Kuhry E., Schwenk W.F., Gaupset R., Romild U. et al.: Longterm results of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. - 2008. - CD003432.
Law W.L., Choi H.K., Lee Y.M., Ho J.W. et al.: Anastomotic leakage is associated with poor long-term outcome in patients after curative colorectal resection for malignancy // J. Gastrointest Surg. - 200. - Vol. 11. - P. 8-15.
Leung E., Ferjani A.M., Stellard N., Wong L.S.: Predicting post-operative mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery using P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM scores: a prospective study // Int J. Colorectal Dis. - 2009. - Vol. 24. - P. 1459-1464.
Lewis S.J., Andersen H.K., Thomas S.: Early Enteral Nutrition Within 24 h of Intestinal Surgery Versus Later Commencement of Feeding: A. Systematic review and Meta-analysis // J. Gastrointest Surg. - 2009. - Vol. 13 (3). - P. 569 -575.
Li G.X., Yan H.T., Yu J., Lei S.T. et al.: Learning curve of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer // Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. - 2006. - Vol. 26. - P. 535-538.
Lipska M.A., Bissett I.P., Parry B.R., Merrie A.E.: Anastomotic leakage after lower gastrointestinal anastomosis: men are at a higher risk // ANZ J. Surg. - 2006. - Vol. 76. - P. 579-585.
Longo W.E., Milsom J.W., Lavery I.C., Church J.C. et al.: Pelvic abscess after colon and rectal surgery - what is optimal management? // Dis Colon Rectum. - 1993. - Vol. 36. - P. 936-941.
Longo W.E., Virgo K.S., Johnson F.E., Oprian C.A. et al.: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality after colectomy for colon cancer // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2000. -Vol. 43. - P. 83-91.
Low W.L., Chu K.W., Choi H.K. Randomized clinical trial comparing loop ileostomy and loop transverse colostomy for faecal diversion following mesorectal excision // Br.J.Surg. - 2002. - Vol. 89. - P. 704-708.
Lustosa S.A., Matos D., Atallah A.N., Castro A.A.: Stapled versus handsewn methods for colorectal anastomosis surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials // Sao Paulo Med J. - 2002. - Vol. 120. - P. 132-136.
MacRae H.M., McLeod R.S.: Handsewn vs. stapled anastomoses in colon and rectal surgery: a meta-analysis // Dis Colon Rectum. - 1998. -Vol. 41. - P. 180-189.
Mahajna A., Krausz M., Rosin D., Shabtai M. et al.: Bowel preparation is associated with spillage of bowel contents in colorectal surgery // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2005. - Vol. 48. - P. 1626-1631.
Major C.P. Jr., Greer M.S., Russell W.L., Roe S.M.: Postoperative pulmonary complications and morbidity after abdominal aneurysmectomy: a comparison of postoperative epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia // Am Surg. - 1996. - Vol. 62. - P. 45-51.
Mann C., Pouzeratte Y., Boccara G., Peccoux C. et al.: Comparison of intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly after major abdominal surgery // Anesthesiology. - 2000. - Vol. 92. - P. 433-44.
McArdle C.S., McMillan D.C., Hole D.J.: Impact of anastomotic leakage on long-term survival of patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer // Br J. Surg. - 2005. - Vol. 92. - P. 1150-1154.
Muller S., Zalunardo M.P., Hubner M., Clavien P.A. et al.: A. fast-track program reduces complications and length of hospital stay after open colonic surgery // Gastroenterology. - 2009. - Vol. 136. - P. 842-847.
Nicksa G.A., Dring R.V., Johnson K.H., Sardella W.V. et al.: Anastomotic leaks: what is the best diagnostic imaging study? // Dis Colon Rectum 2007. - Vol. 50. - P. 197-203.
Oktar G.L: Iatrogenic major venous injuries incurred during cancer surgery // Surg Today. - 2007. - Vol. 37. - P. 366-369.
Parker M.C.: Epidemiology of adhesions: the burden // Hosp Med 2004. - Vol. 65. - P. 330-336.
Person B., Cera S.M., Sands D.R., Weiss E.G. et al.: Do elderly patients benefit from laparoscopic colorectal surgery? // Surg Endosc. - 2008. - Vol. 22. - P. 401-405.
Pikarsky A.J., Saida Y., Yamaguchi T., Martinez S. et al.: Is obesity a high-risk factor for laparoscopic colorectal surgery? // Surg Endosc. - 2002. - Vol. 16. - P. 855-858.
Pilgrim C.H., Nottle P.D.: Laparoscopic repair of iatrogenic colonic perforation // Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. - 2007. - Vol. 17. - P. 215-217.
Platell C., Barwood N., Dorfmann G., Makin G.: The incidence of anastomotic leaks in patients undergoing colorectal surgery // Colorectal Dis. - 2007. - Vol. 9. - P. 71-79.
Popping D.M., Zahn P.K., Van Aken H.K., Dasch B. et al.: Effectiveness and safety of postoperative pain management: a survey of 18 925 consecutive patients between 1998 and 2006 (2nd revision): a database analysis of prospectively raised data // Br J. Anaesth. - 2008. - Vol. 101. - P. 832-840.
Renzulli P., Lowy A., Maibach R., Egeli R.A. et al.: The influence of the surgeon’s and the hospital’s caseload on survival and local recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery // Surgery. - 2006. - Vol. 139. - P. 296-304.
Rullier E., Le Toux N., Laurent C., Garrelon J.L. et al.: Loop ileostomy versus loop colostomy for defunctioning low anastomoses during rectal cancer surgery // World J. Surg. - 2001. - Vol. 25. - P. 274-277.
Schmidt O., Merkel S., Hohenberger W.: Anastomotic leakage after low rectal stapler anastomosis: significance of intraoperative anastomotic testing // Eur J. Surg Oncol. - 2003. - Vol. 29. - P. 239-243.
Smith R.L., Bohl J.K., McElearney S.T., Friel C.M. et al.: Wound infection after elective colorectal resection // Ann Surg. - 2004. - Vol. 239. - P. 599-605.
Veldkamp R., Kuhry E., Hop W.C., Jeekel J. et al.: Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial // Lancet Oncol. - 2005. - Vol. 6. - P. 477-484.
Wakeman C.J., Dobbs B.R., Frizelle F.A., Bissett I.P. et al.: The impact of splenectomy on outcome after resection for colorectal cancer: a multicenter, nested, paired cohort study // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2008. - Vol. 51. - P. 213-217.
Werawatganon T., Charuluxanun S.: Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. - 2005. - CD004088.
Wind J., Koopman A.G., van Berge Henegouwen M.I., Slors J.F. et al.: Laparoscopic reintervention for anastomotic leakage after primary laparoscopic colorectal surgery // Br J. Surg. - 2007. - Vol. 94. - P. 1562-1566.
Wong N.X., Eu K.W.: A. defunctioning ileostomy does not prevent clinical anastomotic leak after a low anterior resection: a prospective, comparative study // Dis Colon Rectum. - 2005. - Vol. 48. - P. 2076-2079.
Zmora O., Lebedyev A., Hoffman A., Khaikin M. et al.: Laparoscopic colectomy without mechanical bowel preparation // Int J. Colorectal Dis. - 2006. - Vol. 21. - P. 683-687.
All the Copyright statements for authors are present in the standart Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'Problems in oncology' ...