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Abstract
Introduction. Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent oncological disease. Despite the advances in modern approaches to diagnosing and treating early-stage BC, some patients still develop recurrences and metastases. To date, there are no precise methods of determining risk groups for such outcomes. Recommendations for management are therefore based on statistical survival data from different observation groups. We hypothesized that the risks of BC progression are closely related to insufficient immune system function. A promising area of research into immunodeficiency states is the analysis of T- and B-lymphocyte DNA fragments (TREC and KREC) that remain after these cells mature.
Aim. To determine the level of TREC in the blood of patients with and without recurrence in the luminal subtype of BC.
Materials and Methods. The study included 196 patients with luminal HER2-negative BC in stages I–III. Venous blood samples were analyzed to determine TREC and KREC levels. A quantitative analysis of TREC and KREC was performed using an "IMMUNO-BIT" reagent kit. The Real-Time CFX96 Amplifier (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) and the DT-96 Detector Amplifier (DNA Technology, Russia) were used as the analyzers. Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech v. 4.6.1 (developer: StatTech LLC, Russia).
Results. The median TREC level was 22.43 in the non-recurrence group, and 3.0 copies per 10^5 cells in the recurrence group (p < 0.001). The study results showed a significant decrease in TREC levels in the blood of patients with further progression. This was interpreted as a deficiency in the T-cell compartment, which plays a key role in controlling tumor growth.
Conclusion. The obtained data support the view that BC may be an immune-mediated oncological disease characterized by reduced immune system activity. Therefore, assessing TREC levels during adjuvant therapy could identify patients at risk of recurrence.
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