A Aggressive Dermatofibroma with Metastatic Lesions of the Lymph Nodes, Lungs, and Bones. Description of the Clinical Case. Literature Review

Abstract

Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma) is classified among benign skin neoplasms that typically demonstrate slow growth but retain metastatic potential. While the precise pathogenesis of this tumor remains unclear, some researchers have proposed an association with histogenetic precapillary changes. These neoplasms generally exhibit benign biological behavior, though they are notably prone to frequent recurrence even following radical surgical excision. The first documented cases of metastatic dermatofibroma were reported by F.M. Enzinger in 1979 in the journal Cancer. Since this initial description, only 10 additional cases demonstrating similarly aggressive clinical behavior have been recorded worldwide. The exceptional rarity of this condition has precluded the establishment of standardized treatment protocols, and prognostic predictions remain uncertain. We present a particularly aggressive clinical case of metastatic dermatofibroma in a 13-year-old female patient. Initial diagnostic evaluation revealed a primary tumor nodule in the thigh region accompanied by destruction of adjacent bony structures, invasion into regional lymph nodes, and multifocal metastatic lesions in the lungs.