摘要
Благодаря высоким темпам индустриализации в биосфере растет содержание как полных канцерогенов, так и соединений, не способных самостоятельно индуцировать опухоль, но, как выяснилось в последнее время, вызывающих в клетке изменения, соответствующие отдельным звеньям в цепи канцерогенеза. Часть из этих соединений представляет большой экономический интерес, в связи с чем международное соглашение разрешает их неограниченное производство. В то же время при совместном действии эти «полуканцерогены» могут либо вызвать злокачественную трансформацию, либо стимулировать действие убиквитарно распространенных канцерогенов. Насыщение биосферы такими ксенобиотиками может быть одним из универсальных факторов наблюдаемого роста онкологической заболеваемости. В связи с этим практика оценки канцерогенной опасности химических соединений по механистическим признакам должна быть изменена, поскольку не учитывает действие канцерогенного фона окружающей среды. Эксперименты in vitro следует проводить не только в стандартных очищенных средах, но и с добавлением как отдельных, так и суммы основных компонентов биосферного загрязнения в концентрациях, обнаруживаемых, например, в крови из пуповины новорожденных и материнском молоке. Такие добавки необходимо создавать и стандартизовать как это принято для эталонных образцов.
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