摘要
Нейробластомы и ганглионейробластомы центральной нервной системы (ЦНС-НБ и ЦНС-ГНБ) являются первичными редкими и мало изученными злокачественными опухолями у взрослых пациентов. Ввиду сложности гистологической верификации диагноза на настоящий момент отсутствуют обширные эпидемиологические данные, а протоколы адъювантной терапии носят эмпирический характер со значительной вариабельностью клинического исхода.
В статье на основе анализа медицинской литературы и собственных клинических наблюдений рассмотрены проблемы диагностики и лечения ЦНС-НБ и ЦНС-ГНБ у взрослых пациентов. Описаны эпидемиологические, клинические, морфологические и молекулярно-генетические характеристики, а также существующие на настоящий момент подходы к адъювантной терапии ЦНС-НБ и ЦНС-ГНБ у пациентов старше 18 лет. Для подготовки обзора проведен поиск литературы по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, РИНЦ. Использовано 36 источников, 44,5 % из них опубликованы за последние 5 лет.
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