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В статье рассмотрены вопросы использования опухоль-инфильтрирующих лимфоцитов (TILs) в клинической практике, освещены новейшие исследования, посвященные поиску перспективных методов лечения онкологических больных на примере рака молочной железы (РМЖ) с разным уровнем лимфоцитарной инфильтрации. Одним из перспективных методов терапии опухолей в настоящее время является метод иммунотерапии, в основе которого лежит воздействие на иммунные контрольные «точки» или чекпоинты, представляющие собой систему ингибиторных механизмов, регулирующих активацию иммунного ответа. Клетки опухоли, воздействуя на чекпоинты, предотвращают активацию опухоль-специфических лимфоцитов и, таким образом, приобретают устойчивость к действию иммунной системы. Целью иммунотерапии является блокирование взаимодействия иммунных чекпоинтов и их лигандов, экспрессируемых клетками опухоли и её микроокружением, приводящее к реактивации противоопухолевого иммунного ответа. В связи с этим актуальными являются исследования, направленные на поиск молекулярных мишеней. Наиболее важным объектом этих исследований являются опухоль-инфильтрирующие лимфоциты. Для подготовки обзора проведен поиск литературы по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ и CNKI. При анализе использованы источники, индексируемые в базах данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed; 70 % работ опубликовано за последние 5 лет. Использовано 40 источников для написания данного литературного обзора.
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