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Abstract
Introduction. Lung cancer holds the leading position in the morbidity and mortality rates of cancer in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) and Tomsk Region. Studying the epidemiological evidence on lung cancer is essential for justifying and developing preventive measures.
Aim. To analyze the dynamics of incidence, mortality, and medical care quality indicators for lung cancer patients in Tomsk Region from 2014 to 2021, considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods. State statistical reports form No. 7, C51 of Tomsk Region for the years 2014-2021. Data on cancer incidence were calculated using the methodological recommendations from P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute.
Results. When comparing the periods of 2018-2019 and 2020-2021, the following observations were made: the lung cancer incidence rate in males decreased from 65.0 to 55.1/100,000, the overall decrease being 15.2 % (SFD — 10.0 % decrease), and the mortality rate decreased from 49.3 to 48.7/100,000, the overall decrease being 1.2 % (SFD — 5.1 % decrease). The lung cancer incidence rate in females decreased from 10.7 to 10.6/100,000, the overall decrease being 0.9 % (SFD — 1.9 % decrease) and the mortality rate increased from 7.0 to 7.4/100,000 with an increase of 5.7 % (SFD — 1.4 % decrease). There was a statistically significant increase in active detection by 2.1 times (from 12.5 % to 26.2 %) p = 0.019, one-year mortality rates decreased from 62.1 to 47.7 %, p = 0.001. Detection rate of lung cancer increased from 12.5 to 26.2 %, р = 0.019. One-year mortality rate decreased from 62.1 to 47.7 %, р = 0.001. Other cancer care quality indicators did not show statistically significant changes. Despite the increased number of chest CT scans (by 2.7 times from 2018-2019 to 2020-2021), no statistically significant increase in lung cancer detection and early diagnosis was observed.
Conclusion. The priority measure for improving early diagnosis of lung cancer is the development and implementation of a territorial algorithm for lung cancer screening, using low-dose CT, based on the standardization of the method, as well as the development of patient selection and routing algorithms.
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