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В обзоре рассмотрены данные о способности физической активности улучшать результаты лечения и противодействовать развитию заболеваний, риск которых растет с увеличением возраста. Основное внимание уделено злокачественным опухолям и проблемам, возникающим из-за ограничений физической активности в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Ввиду важной роли, которую играет в мотивации к изменениям поведения понимание причин, по которым это может быть полезно для предотвращения не только онкологических проблем, но и осложнений COVID-19, обсуждены физиологические и молекулярные механизмы, посредством которых один и тот же фактор, физическая активность, может лучше, чем любые фармакологические средства, воспроизводящие некоторые ее эффекты, противодействовать самым разным формам канцерогенеза независимо от различий в локализации и патогенезе злокачественных опухолей. На этих основаниях проведен анализ данных о количественных отношениях между онкологическими рисками, физической активностью и применением ее предполагаемых фармакологических имитаторов.
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