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Abstract
Introduction. The five-year survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms is a leading criterion for evaluating the performance of oncology services. In this study, an analysis of the five-year survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms is presented for all three-digit categories of the ICD-10, in addition to previously published data on one-year survival rates and ranked distribution of one-year mortality across all tumor sites.
Materials and methods. The present study is founded on a verified database of the Population Cancer Registry (DB PCR), encompassing 1,150,000 observations within the Northwestern Federal District. The relative survival indicator was calculated in accordance with the Eurocare program recommendations. A retrospective analysis was conducted on two cohorts of patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasms between 1995-1999 and 2010-2014, respectively.
Results. The study found an increase in the five-year survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms from 42.9 % to 47.1 %, representing an improvement of 9.8 %. The relative survival rate varied by 5-7 % during different observation periods. The increase in the five-year survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms occurred for many tumor sites and systemic neoplasms of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, but to a significantly lesser extent compared to the one-year survival rate. Among 20 tumor sites, the five-year survival rate of patients with malignant neoplasms decreased, primarily for tumors of the brain, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, lungs, and some others.
Conclusion. The conducted population study on a large, verified material of the database of the PCR of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia showed the overall effectiveness of the anti-cancer measures carried out, as evidenced by the increase in the five-year observed and relative survival rates of patients. For some tumor sites with a high lethality rate, there was no increase in the five-year survival rates. We must pay attention to the fact that it is unacceptable to classify accumulated cohorts of patients with malignant neoplasms, who have been under observation for five or more years, as five-year survivors.
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