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Abstract
The review considers and analyzes scientific literature on gender differences in the incidence of pain syndromes, perception of clinical pain, including that in cancer patients and in experimental oncology. The literature highlights theoretical basis, some biological mechanisms and practical results associated with gender differences. Chronic pain no longer performs a protective function and is not biologically appropriate. The review presents results of experimental studies demonstrating the important role of sex hormones and regulatory systems of a living organism in the mechanisms of development, distribution and perception of pain. Some aspects of sexual dimorphism in the processes of nociception and antinociception are covered. We present the data on the causes of chronic pain syndrome and its perception in cancer patients of both sexes indicating genetically determined sexual reactivity of the body which causes an imbalance in the function of peripheral nervous system and CNS under the influence of prolonged permanent pain in a living organism. Various pain effects have been shown to cause changes in the main types of metabolism, mobilization of adaptive metabolic mechanisms, and tissue damage. Conclusions. The high prevalence of chronic pain in both women and men with cancer, heavy humanitarian and social and economic burden explains a significant increase in fundamental and clinical research in this direction.
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